Some Graph Structures in Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, and Plithogenic Graphs

Abstract

In order to address the uncertainties inherent in real-world systems, various uncertain graph models such as Fuzzy Graphs, Neutrosophic Graphs, Turiyam Neutrosophic Graphs, and Plithogenic Graphs have been studied extensively. Similar to classical graph theory, a wide range of graph classes and parameters have also been examined in these frameworks, with applications in system operations, engineering, and beyond. In this paper, we introduce and analyze concepts such as Range Labeling, Cycle Connectivity, Linear Forest, Product Graph, Median Graph, and the Hyper-Zagreb Index within the contexts of Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, and Turiyam Neutrosophic Graphs.