Evaluating Battery Energy Storage Systems using a Neutrosophic Sets Approach: A Multi-Criteria Analysis of Li-ion, VRF, and Na-ion Technologies

Abstract

This paper shows a new way to look at battery energy storage systems using neutrosophic gathering with a compromise answer. This method thinks about the doubt and mistakes in BESS performance data and gives a full and fair check. Three types of BESS technology are lithium ion (Li-ion), vanadium redox flow (VRF), sodium ion (Na-ion); energy good when charging and discharging, time cost for 1MW service safety & environment compared. Neutrosophic sets help check the truth or untruth or doubt of each factor for different battery kinds; while compromise answers were used for other decision makers to handle data & show results in graphs.